Multipolar boson stars: Macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensates akin to hydrogen orbitals
نویسندگان
چکیده
Boson stars are often described as macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensates. By accommodating large numbers of bosons in the same quantum state, they materialize macroscopically intangible probability density cloud a single particle world. We take this interpretation boson one step further. show, by explicitly constructing fully non-linear solutions, that static (in terms their spacetime metric, $g_{\mu\nu}$) stars, composed complex scalar field, $\Phi$, can have non-trivial multipolar structure, yielding morphologies for energy those elementary hydrogen atomic orbitals density. This provides close analogy between solutions Einstein--Klein-Gordon theory, denoted $\Phi_{(N,\ell,m)}$, which could be realized macrocosmos, and linear Schr\"odinger equation Coulomb potential, $\Psi_{(N,\ell,m)}$, describe microcosmos. In both cases, classified triplet $(N,\ell,m)$. gravitational interpreted individual bosonic lumps equilibrium; remarkably, (generic) with $m\neq 0$ gravitating solitons $[g_{\mu\nu},\Phi_{(N,\ell,m)}]$ without any continuous symmetries. Multipolar analogue to hybrid also constructed.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physics Letters B
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0370-2693', '1873-2445']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.136027